Author: chogan@directresearch.com

Data source for this and other graphs of new case counts:  Calculated from The New York Times. (2021). Coronavirus (Covid-19) Data in the United States. Retrieved 11/24/2021, from https://github.com/nytimes/covid-19-data.”  The NY Times U.S. tracking page may be found at https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html.

Case counts are rising slowly, and are rising in ever region except the Pacific states.

Tomorrow we begin our holiday season.  I’ve set up the second graph below so that I can track case counts relative to what happened during last year’s holidays.  Thanksgiving is one day earlier this year.

Up to now, I’ve been characterizing this year’s winter wave as “late”, compared to last year, likely owing to warm October weather in much of the country.  Best guess, based on mean October temperatures for the U.S., and the typical Fall month-to-month rate of temperature decrease, maybe two or three weeks late.

That may be true, but after this past week of slow growth, that’s starting to wear a little thin / stretch a little far / pick your own metaphor, as a complete description of what’s happening.

If the 2021 winter wave were a duplicate of 2020, just a couple of weeks later, we’d see the orange line above eventually paralleling the blue line.  Instead, ,that gap between last year’s line and this year’s line continues to grow.

Restated, either this year’s winter wave is much later than last year’s, or we have a generally lower rate of growth in cases this year, compared to last year.

We also have a more-or-less a complete lack of a winter wave in three states that were leaders of the winter wave in the Mountain region last year (ID, MT, WY).

Now that I look at it, the three states that led the Midwest region in last year’s winter wave have also mostly failed to get with the program this year.  Shown below.  It’s not as clear-cut as the leaders of the Mountain states — there is a slight upward trend in two of the three — but it is nevertheless a strong contrast to last year’s experience.

I’m not sure what to make of all that, yet, but given that it’s the holidays, I’ll try to end on an upbeat note.

Maybe we are due for a repeat of last year’s wave.  The same as much of Europe is suffering through right now. Just a bit later.

On the other hand, owing to our exceptionally high rate of infection in the past, and to a middle-of-the-road vaccination rate, maybe immunity in the population is now high enough to allow is to avoid another awful winter wave.

(Awful?  People forget.  For nearly the entire month of January 2021, we had an average of more than 3000 COVID-19 deaths per day.  As a result, for that period, the total U.S. death rate increased by more than one-third above the norm.)

Near as I can tell, we ought to be pretty close to “herd immunity”, for something as infectious as the Delta variant of COVID-19.  That’s defined as having enough immunity in the population (via infection or vaccination) to be able to suppress the spread of a virus with basic reproduction rate (R-nought) of 5.0.  (Where the average infected person would go on to infect five others, absent any interventions or immunity).  The table below shows 77%, where we’d need a value of 80% or more to suppress spread of a such a virus with no other measures taken (e.g., without wearing masks).

I have to make a lot of assumptions in that calculation, as it depends on a lot of things that cannot be observed.  For example, it doesn’t account well for the rate at which immunity fades over time.  It doesn’t account for the potential for re-infections (Post #1326).  And so on.

But I think this is enough to show that we’re in the ballpark.  Right now, infectiousness of Delta is rising owing to changing weather conditions.  So it would not be a surprise to have some winter wave.  But we ought to be close enough to herd immunity now that maybe we won’t have much of a winter wave.

Let me put it this way.  Let’s assume Spring is going to occur at roughly the same time this year as it did last year.  At the minimum, the heart of this year’s winter wave will be shorter than last year, reducing the total he total time we’ll spend at those very high winter infection rates.  And maybe we have enough immunity that the peak of this year’s winter wave will be lower as well.  Further reducing overall impact.

No matter how I slice it, it seems like we’re in for a “smaller” winter wave this year.  Either shorter in duration, or shorter in height, or, ideally, both.

Maybe we can take some inspiration from our northern neighbor.  For sure, if cold weather is the issue, they’ve got that covered.  And, while they have a much higher overall vaccination rate, but we beat them in terms of cumulative infections per capita.  So we’re not that different in terms of total population immunity.

And yet, compared to last year, so far, there’s not much of a winter wave happening there. Whatever it is that’s suppressing the start of the U.S. winter wave, it apparently is not limited to the U.S.

 

 

 

 

We’ve reached the part of the year where we’re only going to get glimpses of the actual U.S. trend in new COVID-19 cases.  Between now and the second week of January, we will observe a mix of:

• the true long-term trend of new case counts,
• the lack of data reporting on weekends,
• the even greater lack of data reporting on holidays,
• reduction in test-seeking (and case counts) over holidays,
• any actual impact of the holidays on new COVID-19 infections.

Today is a case in point.  When I left this last week (Post #1326), there seemed to be a sharp uptick in cases.  Now I can see that was temporary.

Data source for this and other graphs of new case counts:  Calculated from The New York Times. (2021). Coronavirus (Covid-19) Data in the United States. Retrieved 11/23/2021, from https://github.com/nytimes/covid-19-data.”  The NY Times U.S. tracking page may be found at https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html.

The trend is still up, but at a much slower rate than appeared to be the case last week.

And that’s a good way to illustrate the potential data-reporting impacts of the holidays.  Holidays?  There were no holidays last week.  How could holidays have possibly affected this apparent slowdown in new case growth?

In part, the trend reflects a true slowdown in case growth, in states such as Michigan and many of the New England states.  But it also appears slower because I goofed:  I forgot about Veterans’ Day (11/11).   The non-reporting of cases for the Veterans’ day holiday, combined with the use of a seven-day moving average, provides a boost to the apparent growth rate on 11/18.  That’s the date on which the under-reported Veterans’ Day case count finally moves outside of the seven-day window, leaving only the additional cases that were reported on the day following Veteran’s Day remaining within the seven-day window.

If you failed to follow that last bit in every detail, that’s fine.  Suffice it to say that holidays scramble the numbers.  We’re entering the holiday season.  And so the numbers are going to be scrambled for the next few weeks.

We’re in the same situation as last year, absent the hindsight that allowed us to fill in the underlying trend after-the-fact.  Below is the graph of the U.S. new case rate, from last year’s holiday season.  Imagine trying to guess what the actual trend would be, at each step of the way.  That’s where we are for the coming holidays.  The two large “dips” in the line below — known only after the fact — are the large data reporting artifacts of Thanksgiving and Christmas/New Year’s.

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The 2021 winter wave and popular press reporting.

First, I want to continue to highlight the behavior of ID, MT, WY.  These were leaders in the 2020 U.S. COVID-19 winter wave.  But this year, they appear to have peaked at the end of the summer Delta wave.  As yet, there’s no indication that they’ll have a winter wave this year.  I don’t know whether that’s a harbinger for the rest of the country, or whether they’re just a little late getting started.  Or whether it’s just something unique to those states, this year.

The South seems to be split along temperature lines.  States bordering on the Mid-Atlantic region and Midwest are showing slight upticks.  But south of Virginia on the Atlantic Coast, right on through the Gulf Coast, there’s no apparent increase in cases.  (This isn’t very different from last year, where those regions had late peaks of the winter wave.)

Finally, here’s the U.S., comparing the first and second pandemic years.  Aside from being a couple of weeks late, and missing part of the Mountain states, we still seem to be on track for a winter wave.

If you’ve stuck with this post, this far, you’ll probably understand why this graph above — the one that compares this year to the same time last year — is the only one worth looking at for the next six weeks or so.  The hope is that this year’s holiday “artifacts” are about the same as last year’s.  Which means that the only hope of making sense of this year is to compare it to the same period last year.

I’m guessing that most popular press reporting isn’t going to bother to do that.  But if you don’t see the comparison to last year, you really can’t make head-or-tail out of what the most recent trend has been.

For example, we should now expect to see a substantial decline in the new case counts, owing to the Thanksgiving holiday.  (Which never generated a “surge” in cases, despite what you may have read to the contrary (Post #1324, Winter Wave Buzzword Bingo)).

By itself, that decline is meaningless.  Only in the context of last year can we start making some judgments about where the trend is actually heading.  Look for the popular press reporting that does that, and you’ll have put your finger on the people who understand how to make sense of the numbers.  Ignore the rest.

Map courtesy of datawrapper.de

Data source for this and other graphs of new case counts:  Calculated from The New York Times. (2021). Coronavirus (Covid-19) Data in the United States. Retrieved 11/18/2021, from https://github.com/nytimes/covid-19-data.”  The NY Times U.S. tracking page may be found at https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html.

The U.S. winter wave continues apace, except in the Mountain region.  As you can see, the northernmost mountain states now form sort of a “hole” in the northern tier of U.S. non-Pacific-coast states.

 

Last year’s winter wave was led by the Midwest and Mountain regions, both of which peaked sometime around Thanksgiving.  This year, by contrast, while the Midwest is now rising rapidly, the Mountain region seems to have stalled (circled above).

Within the Mountain region, instead of any uniform trend, it’s a mixed bag.  As shown below, three states appear to have peaked.  Those are the same states that are circled on the first map graph above.

The three northernmost Mountain states are now showing a downward trend.  Based on my counts, it doesn’t look like they’ve hit herd immunity.  So what’s going on?

Turns out, it looks like they’ve had their winter wave.  Tough to say why, exactly, but it looks like the end of their summer Delta wave simply ran into and effectively became their winter wave.  Note that there’s no end of the Delta wave for those states.  Cases continued to climb from July all the way through to early October.  And has been noted in earlier posts, Idaho already had to declare “crisis standards of care”, allowing physicians to ration hospital beds to those who seemed most likely to survive.

The upshot is that instead of a distinct winter wave with a sharp peak late in November, their summer Delta wave just continued, with the result of a broad peak spanning most of September and October.  If I had to guess, I’d guess they’re done for the year.

The rest of the Mountain states, by contrast, had a low peak in early September, consistent with the end of the summer Delta wave.  And they’ve (mostly) started on a new Winter wave.  Those states don’t appear to be done yet, for 2021.

Time and again, the pandemic has run right up to the point where hospitals are full, and then stopped.  It’s as if there’s only a finite subset of the population at risk of infection at any one time.  And once they’ve been infected, the pandemic runs out of steam for a while.

And so, in those three northernmost Mountain states, it surely looks as if the summer Delta wave worked its way through all the infection-eligible population.   For all intents and purposes, it looks like the pandemic has simply run out of steam, in those three states, for now.  And so, there won’t be a  winter wave cresting around Thanksgiving.  Instead, they had two months of high case loads under Delta, leading to (among other things) crisis standards of hospital care in Idaho.

Maybe that bodes well for the entire U.S.  Maybe we’re finally reaching the point where there’s just some modest subset of the population left to be infected.  And so instead of a rip-roaring winter wave, as we had last year, maybe we’ll all go the way of WY, MT, and ID.  Maybe the people still capable of being infected will end up so thin on the ground that we’ll have just a modest peak this winter.

 

Looks like the U.S. is stuck on repeat, in terms of a COVID-19 winter wave.  I suppose that in addition to the case counts, this probably means a replay of much of the nonsense reporting we saw last winter.

In the interest of efficiency,  in this post, let me try to handle some of the known nonsense in bulk, rather than piecemeal.  We may see novel forms of it evolve.  But at least I can efficiently dispose of the stuff that’s a straight-up repeat from last year.

To be clear, this post is all about things that are wrong.  But that nevertheless make great click-bait, or allow people to feel all righteous about something, or otherwise seem to stick around despite clear evidence that they are incorrect.

This underscores yet again the fundamental problem with America today:

1. Every citizen feels the unalienable right to have a strongly held and firmly expressed opinion.
2. Nobody feels even the tiniest obligation to do their homework.

Hence, this list of pre-debunked items from last winter.  I’ve already done the homework so you don’t have to.

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1:  Post-holiday surge.

So far, we have never had a post-holiday “surge” in cases in the U.S.  Never.  Not even once.  Not post-Thanksgiving.  Not post-Christmas. Not post-Superbowl, Memorial Day, 4th of July, Labor Day. Not not post-fill-in-the-blank.  Never happened.  Never never never never never.

And yet, you will almost surely hear solemn and dire warnings about the expected post-holiday surge in cases this winter. 

When you hear that, bear two things in mind.

1)  Nobody except me has ever bothered to define what “a surge” means.  A “post-holiday surge” is a coordinated increase in daily new COVID-19 cases, above the pre-existing trend, occurring in all or most states, roughly two weeks following the holiday.  (That last clause is consistent with the average lag between date of infection and date of case reporting.)

2)  Consistent with that, I seem to be the only person who has actually bothered to look at the data, after the fact, to see whether or not a surge actually occurred as predicted.  Among the reasons that you’ll never see that in the newspapers is that you have to wait two weeks to see whether or not a surge occurs.  That’s far longer than the attention span of the American people and their news media.

The data-driven part of this is not exactly rocket science.  U.S. reported COVID-19 cases fall on the holidays because state health departments are closed. Then (most of) the backlog of cases gets reported, and then cases return to their prior trend.  Not just once.  But over and over, holiday after holiday.

We have never had new COVID-19 cases surge, or jump, or suddenly rise after a holiday, so some level beyond the pre-holiday trend.  Never.

Below, you can see that I looked for those post-holiday surges, really hard.  Rather than walk you through it, I’ll refer you to many prior posts that go through this in detail for Thanksgiving, Christmas, and most specifically, for the Superbowl.

• Post #915, still no post-Thanksgiving surge.
• Post #916, what about that huge post-Canadian-Thanksgiving surge?
• Post #919, still waiting to see that surge.
• Post #922, Thanksgiving, calling it for no surge.
• Post #929, a footnote to the Thanksgiving non-surge.
• Post #948, no surge for Christmas or New Year’s, either.
• Post #1029, Post-Superbowl non-explosion of cases.

And Columbus Day.  Labor Day.  Labor Day again.  You get the drift, I hope.

Near as I can tell, all of this “post-holiday surge” nonsense dates back to a single epidemiologist who incorrectly asserted that there had been a huge surge in cases following Canadian Thanksgiving.   Why?  Because case counts were higher the week after Thanksgiving than the week before it.  But a) it takes two weeks for new infections to enter the data and b) that same statement had been true for every week so far that winter, up to that point, in Canada.  (Because they were in their winter wave, and cases were increasing week-after-week.)

No matter how obviously stupid and illogical that “surge” conclusion was, that has stuck.  And every holiday since, you’ve heard all the talking heads tut-tutting about the dangers of holidays and the inevitable post-holiday surge in new cases.

Accordingly, my favorite post-holiday-surge graphic is this one, suitable for the many Americans who know nothing about Canadian culture:

Posted on December 13, 2020

What we actually get with major holidays, first and foremost, is a steep reduction in reported cases because state governments shut down.  And, oddly, we also get small, permanent reductions in actual total cases.  Seems as if a lot of people just don’t bother to get tested over a holiday.

This is followed by a return to the prior trend, as all that gets sorted out.  What we never get is a surge in cases, above prior trend, two weeks after the holiday.

Finally, if you want to see what a surge actually looks like, try Post #920, Now That’s a Surge.  That’s just a summary of the past two decades’ worth of U.S. flu seasons.

If you wonder why we never get a surge, consider how one-sided the pundits’ discussion of the holidays is.  Two things happen on major holidays.  One, work stops.  Or at least, slows down for most of us.  Two, families gather.  All you ever hear about from the talking heads is the second aspect.  But, arguably,  the reduced risk from time off work may more-than-offset the increased risk from family gatherings.

 

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2:  Massive increase in air travel for the holidays.

Ah, just see Post #939.  Here’s the graph of actual TSA passenger screenings at U.S. airports.  Spot the huge holiday-related surges, please:

This is the fourth quarter of the year, and the blue line is 2020.  The thin wavy line is the actual  daily data, and the thicker line is a seven-day moving average.  So, yes, there are more airline passengers in the holiday season.  But the increase is only about 100,000 per day above the baseline.  Against a U.S. population of 330,000,000, any modest rate of infections occurring on those flights is just rounding error.  I went through all that arithmetic in Post #939.

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3:  Predictions of smooth sailing from now on.

So far, official predictions of the course of the pandemic have had poor accuracy.  I’m hardly the first person to note that.  Or to have shown that with some degree of formality.

In the first year of the pandemic, when you’re still trying to figure things out, that’s forgivable, I guess.  But now?  When we have more than a year’s worth of experience?  When a few simple factors such as indoor relative humidity appear to explain the Southern summer wave and Northern winter wave?  When state after state goes right to the point where hospital beds are completely filled, but rarely goes much beyond that?

By now, it seems like we pretty much ought to have a fairly good grip on the likely ups and downs.

Arguably, some of the worst predictions have come from CDC, from the consortium of modelers that they tasked to provide some sort of official prediction.  Let me just repeat the last one, which is that there would be no winter wave this year.  That prediction was made in September.

Source:  Cited just above

These predictions suffer from the same basic problem as “the surge”.  Our collective attention span is so short that no news agency can be bothered to look back and check the accuracy of the forecast.  And so, assess the forecaster’s history of inaccuracy.  Before presenting the next forecast.

As a result, the same forecasters who repeatedly provided poor predictions in the past remain free to provide equally poor predictions going forward.  And whenever those predictions match something that somebody wants to hear, you’ll see them in the popular media.  And the long track record of being incorrect will just be swept under the rug.

The CDC-organized group that made the projection above, in early September, is slated to redo their projections again in December.  Without a doubt, given the CDC imprimatur, whatever they say will be duly reported in the news.  And equally without doubt, their incorrect prior predictions will simply be ignored.

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4:  Florida has fewer cases than fill-in-the-blank now, thus proving fill-in-the-second-blank.

I went through one of these in Post #1319.  The current Fox push seemed to be “thus proving that masks don’t work”. I’m sure at some point that second blank will morph into “vaccines”, or maybe “Biden”.  Whatever fits the need of the moment.

All of that is aimed at people who are too stupid and lazy to take literally one minute to look at the actual data.

All you have to do is Google “COVID Florida”, and Google will provide you with a graph of new COVID-19 cases in Florida over time.  Barring that, Googling “NY Times Florida COVID” will give you a graph of COVID-19 cases in Florida over time.  Either of which could then be compared to (say) California.  In either case, you’d see that most of the time, Florida has exceeded California in terms of daily new case count.

It’s not as if we lack for ready sources of the data, available with absolutely minimal effort.

It’s just straight up Rule 1 and Rule 2 above:

1. Every citizen feels the unalienable right to have a strongly held and firmly expressed opinion.
2. Nobody feels even the tiniest obligation to do their homework.

Normally, I would add a third rule:

3:  And nobody cares whether or not they are right on the facts.

But Rule 3 is a misstatement.  Near as I can tell, it’s far worse:  Nobody wants to see facts that might contradict a firmly-held belief.  It might make then have to think, and thinking is hard.

And  so, as outlined in Post #1319, any set of statistics that varies over time or in a cross-section becomes a ready propaganda tool.  Wait until the numbers are leaning your way, add whatever semi-attached figure you wish, and loudly proclaim that the data make your point.  When they lean the other way, say nothing.  And you can reliably count on the laziness and stupidity of your audience to do the rest.

It’s cheap, simple, and effective.  Of course it’s going to be re-used this winter.  To stop it, people would have to wise up.  And I predict that is unlikely to happen, based on our experience to date.